Download rectum and anal canal - ANATOMY Past Question PDF

Topics: Peritoneal reflections, Fascia of the rectum, sigmoid mesocolon, sigmoid colon, anorectal jxn, Anteroposterior flexure, rectovaginal septum, fascia of denonviller

Topics: SKIN.back, SUPERFICIAL FASCIA, SUBOCCIPITAL REGION, VERTEBRAL CANAL, SPINAL CORD, MENINGES, Upper Limb, SCAPULAR REGION, POSTERIOR ARM, SUPERFICIAL VEINS, CUTANEOUS NERVES, PECTORAL REGION, AXILLA, ARM, BRACHIUM, CUBITAL FOSSA, SCAPULAR REGION, palm, dorsum, FOREARM, Thorax, upperlimb, PECTORAL REGION, ANTERIOR THORACIC WALL, Lungs, PLEURAL CAVITIES, MEDIASTINUM, SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM, heart, POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM, Abdomen, ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL, ABDOMINAL WALL, PERITONEUM, PERITONEAL CAVITY, CELIAC TRUNK, STOMACH, SPLEEN, LIVER, GALLBLADDER, SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY, SMALL INTESTINE, INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY, LARGE INTESTINE, DUODENUM, PANCREAS, HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN, GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL VISCERA, POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL, Pelvis, Perineum, ANAL TRIANGLE, MALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA, MALE UROGENITAL TRIANGLE, MALE PELVIC CAVITY, URINARY BLADDER, RECTUM, ANAL CANAL, MALE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY, SACRAL PLEXUS, MALE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM, FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA, FEMALE PELVIC CAVITY, Lower Limb, thigh, GLUTEAL REGION, POPLITEAL FOSSA, leg, SUPERFICIAL NECK, head, neck, THYROID GLAND, PARATHYROID GLAND, PAROTID REGION, SCALP, TEMPORAL REGION, DURAL INFOLDINGS, DURAL VENOUS SINUSES, CRANIAL FOSSAE, ORBIT, PHARYNX, NOSE, NASAL CAVITY, PALATE, ORAL, EAR

Topics: consultation, family-orientated primary care, primary care, common symptoms, community-orientated primary care, leadership, clinical governance, primary care team, family medicine ethics, evidence-based family medicinePatient centeredness, Facilitation, Active listening, Communication skills, Thinking, Clinical reasoning, Self-management, Collaboration, Negotiating, Mutual decision-making, behavioural change counselling, Breaking of bad news, elderly patients, children, babies, adolescent, thinking family, genogram, family conference, Informational continuity, medical records, promoting wellness, promoting health, clinical care, preventing disease, rehabilitation, palliative care, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, sedation, sexual assault, child abuse, intimate partner violence, elder abuse, anal symptoms, anal pain, anal bleeding, anal discharge, back pain, anal itch, Rabies prophylaxis, Tetanus prophylaxis, Prophylactic antibiotics, breast symptoms, breast examination, chest pain, burns, emergency care, collapse, seizure, constipation, cough, dysuria

Topics: Boundaries of the perineum, Division of perineum into two triangles, Boundaries & Contents of anal triangle, Lower part of Anal canal, Boundaries & contents of Ischiorectal fossa, Innervation, Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of perineum.

Topics: regional anatomy, Upper limb, Lower limb, Thorax, Abdomen, head, neck, Central nervous system, skull, hyoid bone, Pectoral girdle, shoulder, axilla, breast, arm, forearm, wrist, hand, upper limb innervation, Brachial plexus, upper limb nerve injuries, thigh, Gluteal region, hip joint, Popliteal fossa, knee joint, Dorsum of the foot, Sole of the foot, ankle joint, foot joint, lower limb innervation, limb nerve injuries, Body wall, Thoracic wall, diaphragm, Thoracic cavity, Superior mediastinum, Anterior mediastinum, Middle mediastinum, heart, Posterior mediastinum, pleura, lungs, Anterior abdominal wall, Inguinal canal, Abdominal cavity, Peritoneum, Gastrointestinal tract, gut, Liver, biliary tract, pancreas, spleen, Posterior abdominal wall, Kidney, ureter, suprarenal gland, Pelvic cavity, rectum, Male internal genital organs, feMale internal genital organs, Pelvic nerves, Pelvic vessels.perineum, Male urogenital region, feMale urogenital region, Pelvic joints, pelvic ligaments, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus, Prevertebral region, face, scalp, parotid region, Infratemporal region, Pterygopalatine fossa, nose sinu, paranasal sinus, palate, pharynx, larynx, orbit, eye, Temporomandibular joint, Vertebral column, ear, Cranial cavity, meninges, Cranial fossae, Vertebral canal, forebrain, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord, cranial nerve

Topics: general anatomy, head, neck, cranial nerves, skull, muscles of the head, trunk, thoraic organs, abdominal organs, retroperitoneal organs, upper limb, lower limb

Topics: Large intestine, CAECUM, APPENDIX, COLON, RECTUM, ANAL CANAL, ARTERIAL SUPPLY, VENOUS SUPPLY, LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE

Topics: Abdomen, Anterior Abdominal Wall, Inguinal Region, Groin, Genital Organs, Abdominal Cavity, Peritoneum, Esophagus, Stomach, Spleen, Liver, Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus, Duodenum, Pancreas, Portal Vein, Small Intestines, Large Intestines, Kidneys, Ureters, Suprarenal Glands, Posterior Abdominal Wall, pelvis, Pelvic Walls, perineum, Urinary Bladder, Urethra, rectum, anal canal, Lower Limb, Bones of the Lower Limb, Thigh, Gluteal Region, Popliteal Fossa, Hip Joint, Dorsum of the Foot, leg, foot

Topics: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, respiratory system, cardiovascular pathology, urogenital pathology, respiratory pathology, HAEMOCHROMATOSIS, PULMONARY tuberculosis, TUBERCULOUS, FIBRINOUS PERICARDITIS, HYPERTENSIVE HEART disease, AORTIC ANEURYSM, BENIGN NEPHROSCLEROSIS, MALIGNANT MELANOMA, INTRACEREBRAL HRG, CHRONIC LEG ULCER, breast lump, ANTERIOR NECK MASS, ABDOMINAL MASS, RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT ABDOMINAL MASS, CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY, VAGINAL BLEEDING, HEMOPTYSIS, HEMATURIA, TERMINAL HEMATURIA

Topics: Git, esophagus, Mucosa, Submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia, GASTRIC GLANDS, Enterochromaffin cells, Enteroendocrine cells, JEJUNUM, ILEUM, Ileocaecal Junction, Appendix, RECTUM, ANAL CANAL, Anorectal Junction, Ulceration, Gastritis, Malignant tumours, Appendicitis

Topics: History taking, clinical examination, major injuries, skin, subcutaneous tissues, Muscles, tendons, bones, joints, hand, feet, arteries, veins, lymphatics, facial appearance, salivary glands, mouth, neck, breast, external genitalia, abdominal wall, herniae, umbilicus, abdomen, kidneys, urinary tract, prostate, rectum, anal canal

Topics: Anteromedially- sartorius, Anterolaterally- vastus medialis, Posteriorly- adductor longus and adductor magnus, subsatorial canal cos sartorius, Femoral artery and vein, Saphenous nerve, Nerve to vastus medialis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adducto

Topics: BRCA 1 gene, BRCA 2, Cowden Disease, breast carcinoma, In situ Carcinoma, Invasive breast carcinoma, Malignant Phyllodes Tumor

Topics: Atrophy, Pathologic atrophy, Starvation atrophy, Ischaemic atrophy, Disuse atrophy, Neuropathic atrophy, Endocrine atrophy, Pressure atrophy, Idiopathic atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia, . Cartilaginous metaplasia, Osseous metaplasia, MESENCHYMAL METAPLASIA, Columnar metaplasia, Squamous metaplasia, EPITHELIAL METAPLASIA, Pathologic hyperplasia, Compensatory hyperplasia, Physiologic hyperplasia, Compensatory hypertrophy, Physiologic hypertrophy, Pathologic hypertrophy

Topics: CERVICAL TRANSFORMATION ZONE, Endocervical polyp, Intraepithelial Squamous Neoplasia, Invasive Squamous Neoplasia, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm, SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Topics: nervous system, neurons, Astrocytes, Oligodendroglia, Microglia, NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS, DYSRAPHIC STATES, Spina bifida aperta, Myelomeningocele, Spina bifida occulta, Exencephaly, Anencephaly, Meningoencephalocele, Meningocele, Encephalocele, microencephaly, Megalencephaly, Lissencephaly, agyria, Pachygyria, HYDROCEPHALUS, Arnold-Chiari malformation, CONGENITAL HYDROCEPHALUS, Dandy-Walker Syndrome, CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES, REGIONAL ISCHEMIA, CEREBRAL INFARCTION, Old infarct, Lobar haemorrhage, Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Basal ganglia haemorrhage, Pontine Hemorrhage, Cerebellar Hemorrhage, HYPERTENSIVE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE, Lacunar infarcts, Slit hemorrhages, Hypertensive Encephalopathy, SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, RUPTURE ANEURYSMS, Berry aneurysm, Alzheimer Disease, PICK DISEASE, LOBAR SCLEROSIS, PARKINSON DISEASE, CNS INFECTION, ACUTE MENINGITIS, Leptomeningitis, BACTERIAL MENINGITIS, Pyogenic meningitis, Tuberculous Meningitis, Tuberculous granuloma, Neurosyphilis, Cryptococcal Meningitis, Ameobic Meningoencephalitis, Cerebral Abscess, CNS TUMORS, Intracranial tumors, Astrocytomas, Glioblastoma Multiforme, CRANIOCEREBRAL INJURIES, Skull fractures, PARENCHYMAL INJURIES, TRAUMATIC VASCULAR INJURY, Epidural Hematoma

Topics: Teratology, Errors of Morphogenesis, Agenesis, aplasia, hypoplasia, Dysraphi c anomalies, Involution failure, division failure, atresia, ectopia, heteropia, dystropia, Developmental Defects, Synt ropy, chromosome, DNA, replication, genes, RNA, codons, mutation, chromosal disorders, Chromosal abnormalities, cytogenetics, Chromosal deletion, Chromosal inversion, Robertsonian translocations, Ring chromosomes, Isochromosomes, Numerical Chromosal Disorders, Down syndrome, multifactorial inheritance, single gene disorders, X-linked recessive traits, X-linked disorders, Autosomal recessive disorders

Topics: edema, fluid homeostasis, congestive heart failure, decreased renal perfusion, reduced plasma osmotic pressure, lymphatic obstruction

Topics: Arterial hyperemia, Venous hyperemia, chronic congestion, heart failure

Topics: Acute inflammation, Transudate, Oedema, Serasanguinous exudate, effusion, Fibrinous exudate, Purulent exudate, Suppurative inflammation, Vasolidation, Cytoskeletal reorganization, Leucocyte adhesion, Leucocyte adhesion deficiency, CHEMOTAXIS, PHAGOCYTOSIS, TISSUE INJURY, PLASMA PROTEASES, ANAPHYLATOXINS, Chemoattractant, Opsonins, KININ SYSTEM, CLOTTING SYSTEM, Thrombin, Plasmin, VASOACTIVE AMINES, Histamine, Serotonin, ARACHIDONIC ACID METABOLITES, CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES, Chronic inflammation, Granulomatous Inflammation, wound healing, tissue repair, ulcer