Current issues in the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases by HA Ameen PDF free download

HA Ameen Current issues in the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases PDF, was published in 2016 and uploaded for 500-level Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science students of University of Ilorin (UNILORIN), offering S2 course. This ebook can be downloaded for FREE online on this page.

Current issues in the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases ebook can be used to learn Neglected Tropical Diseases, Buruli ulcer, Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative, Cholera, Dracunculiasis, Lymphatic filariasis, elephantiasis, Onchocerciasis, River blindness, Schistosomiasis, Leprosy.

Technical Details
Updated at:
Size: 211.26 KB
Number of points needed for download: 12
Number of downloads: 0

Books related to Current issues in the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases

Infectious eye diseases Leprosy , Trachoma and Onchocerciasis

Author: FG Adepoju

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: OPHTHALMOLOGY

Topics: leprosy, Hansen's disease, Trachoma, Onchocerciasis, simulium damonsum blackfly, microfilaria, leopard skin, eye inflammation

Onchocerciasis presentation

Author: Epidemiology and community health

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH500

Topics: River blindness, Tropical Disease Research, Onchocerca volvulus, Simulium spp, larvaticides, Onchocerciasis program, nodulectomy

Epidemiology of tropical diseases

Author: HA Ameen

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH500

Topics: dengue, Lymphatic Filariasis, schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, malaria, tropical disease research

Mahajan & Gupta Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine ,Fourth Edition

Author: Rabindra Nath Roy, Indranil Saha, MC Gupta, BK Mahajan

School: University of Nigeria, Nsukka

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: COM401, COM402, COM403, COM404, COM502, COM5O3, COM504

Topics: Community Medicine, Epidemiological Triad, Epidemiological Wheel, Epidemiological Studies, General Epidemiology, Epidemiological Study, Cohort Study, Therapeutic Trials, Clinical Trials, Ventilation, Air, water, Water Supply, Water Purification, Swimming Pool Hygiene, Housing, soil, Wastes, Refuse Disposal, Excreta Disposal, Sewerage System, Sullage Disposal, Physical Environment, Occupational Health, Physicochemical Agents, Physical Agents, Gastrointestinal Tract, Offensive Trades, offensive Occupations, Occupational Diseases, Occupational Hazards, Occupational Health Legislation, Employees State Insurance Act, Environmental Pollution, Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Radioactive Pollution, Thermal Pollution, Noise Pollution, Biological Environment, Rodents, Arthropods, Insect Control, Social Environment, Social Sciences, Cultural Anthropology, Social Psychology, Defense Mechanisms, Genetic Constitution, Nutritional Status, Psychological State, Personality, Communicable Diseases, Respiratory Infections, Viral Infections, Bacterial Infections, Water borne Infections, Food-borne Infections, Alimentary borne Infections, Cholera, Diarrhea, Food Poisoning, Enteric Fever, Brucellosis, Bacillary Dysentery, Shigellosis, Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Balantidiasis, Viral Hepatitis, Poliomyelitis, Contact Diseases, leprosy, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Venereal Diseases, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Trachoma, Fungus Infection, Arthropod-borne Diseases, malaria, Filariasis, Arboviruses, Yellow Fever, Chikungunya Fever, dengue, Japanese Encephalitis, Sandfly Fever, Leishmaniasis, Plague, Kyasanur Forest Disease, Epidemic Typhus, Trench Fever, Scrub Typhus, Tsutsugamushi Fever, Tick Typhus, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Relapsing Fever, Noncommunicable Diseases, Food, Nutrition, Biostatistics, Research Methodology, Demography, Vital Statistics, Health Planning, Health Administration, Health Management, Health Economics, Maternal health, Child Health, Family Planning, Population Policy, School Health Services, Geriatrics, Mental Health, International Health, Biomedical Waste Management

Tropical disease research

Author: HA Ameen

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH500

Topics: Tropical disease research, Human African Trypanosomiasis, Animal trypanosomiasis, Dengue, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Bilhaziasis, Malaria, Chagas disease, South American Trypanosomiasis, Trypanosoma cruzi

Epidemiology of cholera

Author: Integrated paper200

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: INTEGRATED PAPER200

Topics: V cholerae, cholera vaccine

Leprosy ( Hansen's disease )

Author: Chijioke

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: M2

Topics: Tuberculoid, Borderline leprosy, lepromatous leprosy, histoid leprosy, mycobacterium leprae, Paucibacillary Leprosy, Multibacillary

Mycobacterium leprae

Author: Microbiology

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: MICROBIOLOGY

Topics: Leprosy, TUBERCULOID LEPROSY, PAUCIBACILLARY LEPROSY, BORDERLINE LEPROSY, LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY, MULTBACILLARY, LEONINE FACIES

Leprosy and the eye

Author: class rep

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: OPHTHALMOLOGY

Topics: paucibacillary leprosy, tubercloid Leprosy, multibacillary Leprosy, lepromatous Leprosy

Oxford handbook of clinical surgery ,Fourth Edition

Author: Greg McLatchie, Neil Borley, Joanna Chikwe

School: University of Nigeria, Nsukka

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: S1, S2, S3, SUG301, SUG601

Topics: surgical practice, Surgical pathology, Head surgery, neck surgery, Breast surgery, endocrine surgery, Upper gastrointestinal surgery, Liver surgery, pancreatic surgery, biliary surgery, Abdominal wall, Colorectal surgery, urology, Paediatric surgery, Paediatric orthopaedic, trauma, Orthopaedic surgery, Plastic surgery, Cardiothoracic surgery, Peripheral vascular disease, Transplantation, Eponymous terms, rarities, Diagnostic laparoscopy, laparoscopy, laparotomy, Cholecystectomy, Appendicectomy, Inguinal hernia repair, Perforated peptic ulcer repair, Haemorrhoid surgery, Pilonidal sinus excision, Femoral embolectomy, Right hemicolectomy, Stoma formation, Below knee amputation, Typhoid, Amoebiasis, amoebic liver abscess, Anaemia, malaria, Schistosomiasis, bilharziasis, Filariasis, Hydatid disease, Ascariasis, Leishmaniasis, Trypanosomiasis, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Hansen’s disease, Guinea worm infestation, Threadworms, Mycetoma, madura foot, Acute limb ischaemia, limb ischaemia, Chronic upper limb ischaemia, Chronic lower limb ischaemia, Intermittent claudication, Critical limb ischaemia, Aneurysms, Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, Vascular developmental abnormalities, Carotid disease, diabetic foot, Amputation, Vasospastic disorder, Varicose veins, Deep venous thrombosis, Thrombolysis, Coronary artery disease, cardiac surgery, Valvular heart disease, Cardiothoracic ICU, Lung cancer, Pleural effusion, Pneumothorax, Mediastinal disease, Suturing wounds, Skin grafts, Surgical flaps, Skin cancer, simple cutaneous lesions, Soft tissue hand injuries, burns, Hand infections, Dupuytren’s disease, Breast reduction, Breast augmentation, Breast reconstruction, Fracture healing, skeletal radiograph, Wrist injuries, Spinal injuries, Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis, Chronic osteomyelitis, osteomyelitis, Septic arthritis, Peripheral nerve injuries, Brachial plexus injuries, Osteoarthrosis, osteoarthritis, Carpal tunnel syndrome, Ganglion, Bone tumours, Low back pain, Paget’s disease, osteitis deformans, Arthroplasty, great toe, Thoracic injuries, Abdominal trauma, Vascular injuries

Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 23rd edition

Author: K PARK

School: Federal University of Technology, Owerri

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: PUH403

Topics: epidemiology, immunity, disease transmission, screening, sensitivity, specificity, communicable disease, respiratory infection, intestinal infection, infection, arthropod borne infection, zoonoses, viral, bacterial, rickettsial disease, parasitic zoonoses, surface infections, demography, family planning, preventive medicine, obstetrics, pediatrics, geriatrics, nutrition, health, medicine, social sciences, enviroment, hospital waste management, disaster management, occupational health, genetics, mental health, health information, basic medical statistics, health planning, health management, international health, Non-communicable disease, smallpox, chickenpox, measles, influenza, rubella, mumps, diphtheria, whooping cough, meningococcal meningitis, SARS, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis, cholera, typhoid fever, food poisoning, amoebiasis, ascariasis, hookworm infection, dracunculiasis, dengue syndrome, malaria, lymphatic filariasis, rabies, yellow fever, japanese encephalitis, KFD, chikungunya fever, brucellosis, leptospirosis, plague, Q fever

Medical Parasitology

Author: Abhay Satoskar, Gary Simon, Peter Hotez, Moriya Tsuji

School: Edo University

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: MLS305

Topics: Medical Parasitology. Nematodes, Enterobiasis, Trichuriasis, Ascariasis, hookworm, Strongyloidiasis, Trichinellosis, Onchocercosis, Loiasis, Dracunculiasis, Cutaneous Larva Migrans, Baylisascariasis, Toxocariasis, Lymphatic Filariasis, trematodes, Clonorchiasis, Opisthorchiasis, Liver Fluke, Fasciola hepatica, Paragonimiasis, Intestinal Trematode Infections, Schistosomiasis, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, cestodes, Taeniasis, Cyticercosis, Hydatid Disease, protozoans, American Trypanosomiasis, Chagas Disease, African Trypanosomiasis, Visceral Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Toxoplasmosis, Giardiasis, Amebiasis, Cryptosporidiosis, Trichomoniasis, Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Malaria, Arthropods, Clinically Relevant Arthropods

Differentials of leprosy

Author: Ileseanmi Omotoyosi Nike

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: M2

Topics: Lepromatous leprosy, Pityriasis versicolor, vitiligo, Seborrheic dermatitis, onchodermatitis, Tinea corporis, Psoriasis, Auspitz sign, Lichen planus, Sarcoidosis, syphilis, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Cutaneous lympoma, Dupuytren’s contracture, Scleroderma hands

Leprosy

Author: Epidemiology and community health

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH500

Topics: Hansen’s Disease, Mycobacterium leprae, Tuberculoid leprosy, Lepromatous leprosy, rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine, Leprosy reactions

Skin diseases

Author: Mubashir Uthman

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH500

Topics: skin lesions, Macules, patches, papules, vesicles, plaques, nodules, Measles, Chicken pox, Herpes zooster, Leprosy, Dermatophytosis, Pitriasis, Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, scabies, dermatitis, kaposi sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Hansen’s disease, Tinea corporis

Robbins and Cotran Pathology Flash Cards,Second edition

Author: Edward Klatt, Richard Mitchell

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: PATHOLOGY

Topics: toxic insult, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, tissue renewal, tissue repair, tissue regeneration, Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease, Shock, Genetic Disorders, immune system, neoplasia, Infectious Diseases, Environmental Diseases, Nutritional Diseases, Diseases of infancy, Diseases of childhood, systemic pathology, blood vessels, heart, Diseases of White Blood Cells, Diseases of Lymph Nodes, Diseases of Spleen, Diseases of Thymus, Red Blood Cell Disorders, Bleeding Disorders, head, neck, Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, pancreas, kidney, Lower Urinary Tract, Male Genital System, Female Genital Tract, Endocrine System, breast, Bones, Joints, Soft-Tissue Tumors, skin, Peripheral Nerve, Skeletal Muscle, Central Nervous System, eye

Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics, 2nd edition

Author: Pedro Sanchez

School: National Open University of Nigeria

Department: Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

Course Code: SLM501

Topics: soil properties, soil management, tropical environment, temperature, solar radiation, rainfall, tropical climates, vegetation, physiography, Anthropocene, biodiversity, climate change, demographics, Green Revolutions, Tropical Agroecosystems, land use, land-use change, Pedology, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Laterite Paradigm, tropical soils, tropical soil research, Soil Taxonomy, soil classification systems, soil physical properties, soil temperature, soil structure, soil compaction, soil water, soil erosion, conservation, conservation agriculture, water, rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, irrigation, mineralogy, clay minerals, mineralogy families, Anion Exchange Capacity, soil acidity capacity, Acid Soil Infertility, Liming, overliming, subsoil acidity, secondary acidity, soil biology, soil biodiversity, comminution, decomposition, nutrient elements transformation, soil structure regulation, organic carbon, carbon pools, carbon fractions, animal manures, composts, biochars, organic farming, soil fertility, nutrient cycling, nutrient uptake, determining fertilizer needs, nitrogen cycle, nitrogen pools, atmospheric deposition, biological nitrogen fixation, mineral fertilizers, organic nitrogen mineralization, soil nitrogen fertilizer reactions, Phosphorus Cycle, Phosphorus, Total Soil Phosphorus, inorganic Phosphorus, Phosphorus sorption, Phosphorus release, plant Phosphorus requirements, Phosphorus fertilization, sulfur cycle, sulfur sorption, Sulphur fertilization, Forest–Soil Nutrient Cycles, land clearing, Mechanized Land Clearing, Crop Yield Declines, Field Abandonment, Secondary Forest Fallows, puddling, flooding, rice cultivation systems, Nutrient Management, Yield Stagnation, Nitrogen Sequestration, Livestock-Based Tropical Systems, tropical pastures, Tropical Livestock Management Systems, pastoralism, Smallholder Mixed Crop–Livestock Systems, Extensive Pasture-Based Beef Production, Pasture Degradation, Crop–Pasture Integration, Tropical Tree-Based Systems, Plantation Forestry, Plantation Forestry Species, Agroforestry, Agroforestry Tree Species, Agroforestry Systems, Simultaneous Agroforestry, Sequential Agroforestry, tree crops

Peptic ulcer disease

Author: Kazeem Ibrahim

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: MORBID ANATOMY

Topics: Duodenal Ulcer, H pylori, Vacuolating toxin, Peptic Ulcer, Hereditary endocrine syndrome, Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, Gastric ulcer, benign gastric ulcer

Lymphatic filariasis

Author: Epidemiology and community health

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH500

Topics: Filariodidea, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, lymphoedema, elephantiasis, genital hydrocoele

Environmental health and disease

Author: Iwueze

School: Nnamdi Azikiwe University

Department: Science and Technology

Course Code: BIO102

Topics: Environmental health, environmental disease, environment, health, lung diseases, asthma, bronchitis, silicosis, cancer, Gulf war syndrome, birth defects, chemical poisoning, neglected tropical diseases, trachoma, Guinea worm disease, schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminth infections, ascariasis, whipworms, lymphatic filariasis, sick building syndrome, global warming, ozone layer depletion, land degradation, pollution, pollutants, pollution control, toxicity, natural resources, urbanization, water supply sanitation, water quality, solid waste, air quality

Past Questions related to Current issues in the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases

Community health MCQs

Year: 2016

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: COMMUNITY HEALTH

Topics: vaccine, immunization, public health, contraceptive, onchocerciasis, diarrhea, dracunculiasis, water-borne disease, cancer

MCQs and EMQs in Surgery_ A Bailey and Love Revision Guide, Second Edition by Pradip Datta,Christopher Bulstrode,Praveen

Year: 2009

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: S1, S2, S3

Topics: metabolic response to injury, shock, blood transfusion, wound, tissue repair, scar, surgical infection, tropical surgery, pediatric surgery, oncology, surgical audit, surgical research, surgical ethics, diagnostic imaging, Gastrointestinal endoscopy, Tissue diagnosis, Preoperative preparation, Preoperative care, Anaesthesia, pain relief, high-risk surgical patient, Nutrition, fluid therapy, surgical skills, anastomosis, Laparoscopic, robotic surgery, Postoperative care, trauma, Trauma epidemiology, Head injury, Neck, spine, infection, Paediatric orthopaedics, subcutaneous tissue, skin, Elective neurosurgery, Cleft lip, palate, Cardiac surgery, Arterial disorders, Venous disorders, Intestinal obstruction, vermiform appendix, Urinary symptoms, Urinary investigations, Gynaecology, Transplantation

Surgery part 3 final MBBS Examination

Year: 2015

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: S3

Topics: courvoiser principle, obstructive jaundice, cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy, Goodsall law, erianal fistula, splenectomy, hernia, intestinal obstruction, blunt abdominal injury, abdominal distention, dental caries, primary eye care, ulcer, blindness, obstructive uropathy, groin swelling, hydrocephalus, hypospadias, Barium enema, Colorectal ca

Past questions and answers

Year: 2017

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: COMMUNITY HEALTH

Topics: cemetery, burying, cervix, burial, World Health Organization, Cholera, Poliomyelitis, Yellow fever, Lassa fever, Ebola, Measles, Guinea worm

1000 Questions and Answers from Kumar & Clark's Clinical Medicine ,Second edition by Parveen Kumar,Michael Clark

Year: 2011

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: M1, M2, M3

Topics: Ethics, communication, Molecular cell biology, genetic disorders, Clinical immunology, Infectious diseases, tropical medicine, sexually transmitted infection, Nutrition, Gastrointestinal disease, Liver disease, biliary tract disease, pancreatic disease, Haematological disease, Malignant disease, Rheumatology, bone disease, renal disease, Water balance, electrolyte balance, acid–base balance, Cardiovascular disease, Respiratory disease, Intensive care medicine, Drug therapy, poisoning, Environmental medicine, Endocrine disease, Diabetes mellitus, metabolism disorder, Neurological disease, special senses, Psychological medicine, Skin disease

Pathology mock exam

Year: 2016

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: PATHOLOGY

Topics: MORBID ANATOMY, CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY, HAEMATOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY, Onchocerciasis, Trypanosomiasis

232 Pharm B1 questions

Year: 2017

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: PHARMACOLOGY

Topics: virus, Amantadine, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, tuberculosis, leprosy, Penicillin, Methicillin, Ampicillin, Benzylpen7icillin, Hookworm, worm, Ivermectin, Linezolid, Lincosamide, Radezolid, bacteria, Streptogramins, Aminoglycoside, Fluoroquinolone, quinolone, Tetracycline

Morbid anatomy 3rd MBBS & resit exams 2013,2014,2015,2017

Year: 2017

School: University of Nigeria, Nsukka

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: MORBID ANATOMY

Topics: peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel, diarrhoeal disease, hypertension, systemic hypertension, shock, Klinefelters syndrome, Kawasaki disease, vasculitis, unstable angina, edema, Hepatitis B, HBV infection, breast carcinoma, skin symptomatology, epidural haemorrhage, subdural haemorrhage, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, breast cancer, infective endocarditis

End of M2 posting exam 2004,2005,2006,2010,2011,2012,2015

Year: 2015

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: M2

Topics: leprosy, alopecias, tuberculosis, mycobacterial infection, acen vulagris, nosocomial infection, sepsis syndrome, sepicaemia, neurocutaneous syndrome, trypanosomiasa, tetanus, bacterial meningitis, trpanosomiasis, pneumonia

Microbiology 3rd MBBS & resit exams 2013,2014,2015,2017

Year: 2017

School: University of Nigeria, Nsukka

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: MIC301, MIC302, MIC303

Topics: Ebstein-Barr virus, Gonococcal urethritis, pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, dermatophytes, meningococcal meningitis, lobar pneumonia, trichomoniasis, schistosome, lassa fever, enteric fever, meningitis, schistosomiasis, anthrax, systemic mycoses, ebola virus, haemophilus, HIV, HIV cycle, Shigellosis

Anatomy

Year: 2014, 2015, 2017

School: Bayero University, Kano

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: GROSS & CLINICAL ANATOMY

Topics: blood, vessel, prostrate gland, lower limbs lymphatic drainage, colon, Large intestine, small intestine, foetal circulation, fertilization, cleavage, blastomere, Morula, Blastocyst, spleen, Epithelial tissue, vs deferens, connective tissue, nephron, skeletal muscle fibres, smooth muscle fibres, upper limb, thorax, perineum, lower limb, embryology, histology, gross anatomy, clinical anatomy

Pharmacology Intro B theory questions 2004,2014&2015

Year: 2015

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: PHARMACOLOGY300

Topics: anticonvulsant drugs, antacid, anti-secretory, peptic ulcer, anti-hypertensive, angiotensin, nonsterodial androgen antagonist, asthma, benzodiazepin, steroid, nitroglycerin, captopril, sodium nitroprusside, hyperlipidemia, triglycerdemia, hypercholesteridemia

Pharmacology Part 1 Final exam

Year: 2009

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: PHARMACOLOGY400

Topics: peptic ulcer, Pharmacology, asthma, cancer, cancer treatment, chemotheraphy, anticonvulsant drugs, antimicrobial agents, cardiac arrhythmias

Pharmacology Part 1 Final paper 1

Year: 2012

School: University of Ilorin

Department: Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health science

Course Code: PHARMACOLOGY400

Topics: hypoglycemic agents, antipsychotic drugs, Diuretics, angiotenin-converting enzyme inhibitors, peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, quantal dose response curve, digoxin toxicity, folic acid, aspirin