Pharmacology practical by Onyenagubo PDF free download

Topics: Oxygen THERAPY, Nasal cannula, Nasal catheter, face mask, Partial rebreather mask, Non-rebreather face mask, Venturi face mask, oxygen hood, oxygen tent, Monitoring oxygen therapy, Continuous positive airway pressure, Nasal Continuous positive airway pressure, Bubble Continuous positive airway pressure system, Pressure-volume curve, Mechanical ventilation, Conventional ventilation, Triggered ventilation, Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation, Pressure Support Ventilation, flow sensitive vent, High frequency ventilation, Ventilator induced lung injury, chronic lung disease, Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, Air-leak syndromes, Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, Pneumopericardium, Pulmonary interstitial emphysema, Subcutaneous emphysema, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, retinopathy of prematurity

Topics: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides, STEREOISOMERS, PROTEOGLYCANS, GLYCOPROTEINS, MUCOPLYSACCHARIDOSIS, DERMATAN SULPHATE, KERATAN SULPHATE, CHONDROITIN SULPHATE, HEPARIN, HYALURONIC ACID, MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES, HETEROPOLYSACCHARIDES, Agar, chitin, insulin, GLYCOGEN STRUCTURE, cellulose, glycogen, amylase, starch, AMYLOPECTIN, amylose, HOMOPOLYSACCHARIDES, TREHALOSE, maltose, lactose, invert sugar, sucrose, DISACCHARIDES, DEOXY SUGARS, AMINO SUGARS, GLYCOSIDES, GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE, GLYCOSIDE FORMATION, ester, OSAZONE CRYSTALS, OSAZONE FORMATION, FEHLING’S TEST, BARFOED’S TEST, BENEDICT’S TEST, ENEDIOL FORMATION, MUTAROTATION, ANOMERISM, EPIMERISM, glucose, fructose

Topics: Medical Physiology, Cell Signaling, Membrane Transport, Membrane Potential, Physiologic Regulation, plasma membrane structure, Solute Transport Mechanisms, Resting Membrane Potential, cellular signaling, neuromuscular physiology, nervous function, nervous system, action potential synaptic transmission, neurotransmission, Sensory Physiology, sensory system, somatosensory system, visual system, auditory system, vestibular system, Gustatory Systems, Olfactory Systems, motor system, autonomic nervous system, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System, Autonomic Integration, Hypothalamus, Brain Electrical Activity, Higher Cognitive Skills, Skeletal Smooth Muscle, Smooth Muscle, Motor Neurons, Excitation, Skeletal Muscle Metabolism, Skeletal Muscle Contraction, Muscle Plasticity, Epigenetics, Endocrine Muscle, Smooth Muscle, blood immunology, blood composition, blood function, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelet Formation, Blood Cell Formation, Blood Clotting, Immunology, Organ Interaction, Homeostasis, Immune System Activation, Immune Detection System, Immune System Defenses, Acute Inflammation, Chronic Inflammation, Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Organ Transplantation, Immunology, Immunologic Disorders, Neuroendoimmunology, cardiovascular physiology, Hemodynamics, Cardiac Muscle Mechanics, Cardiac Pump, Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Excitation–Contraction Coupling, Cardiac Performance, Cardiac Output, Systemic Circulation, Arterial Pressure Measurement, Central Blood Volume, Microcirculation, Lymphatic System, Coronary Circulation, Cerebral Circulation, Hepatic Circulation, Skeletal Muscle Circulation, Cutaneous Circulation, Fetal Circulation, Placental Circulation, Circulatory Shock, respiratory physiology, ventilation, Spirometry, Lung Volumes, Minute Ventilation, Airway Resistance, Gas Transfer, Diffusing Capacity, Pulmonary Circulation, Ventilation, body fluids, Kidney Function, nephron, Renal Blood Flow, Glomerular Filtration, Glomerular Hemodynamic Forces, Tubular Reabsorption, Tubule Secretion, Urinary Concentration Mechanisms, Electrolyte Balance, fluid balance, Acid–Base Homeostasis, gastrointestinal physiology, Salivary Secretion, Gastric Secretion, Pancreatic Secretion, Biliary Secretion, Intestinal Secretion, Carbohydrate Digestion, Carbohydrate Absorption, Water Absorption, Electrolyte Absorption, Mineral Absorption, Vitamin Absorption, Liver Functions, Immune Surveillance, Gastrointestinal Regulation, temperature regulation, exercise physiology, Heat Dissipation, Thermoregulatory Control, Heat Acclimatization, endocrine physiology, Endocrine Control Mechanisms, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Thyroid Hormone Synthesis, Adrenal Gland, Adrenal Medulla Catecholamines, Endocrine Pancreas, Islets of Langerhans, Islet Hormone Synthesis, Insulin, Glucagon Action, Diabetes Mellitus, Plasma Calcium, Phosphate Regulation, Bone Dysfunction, reproductive physiology, Male Reproductive System, Testicular Function

Topics: Drug Sources, Drug Benefit Assessment, Congeneric Drugs, Drug Administration, Oral Dosage Forms, dermatological agents, drug distribution, Drug Action, membrance permeation, drug transporters, drug elimination, drug metabolism, enteroheptaic circulation, presystemic elimination, pharmacokinetics, druig concentration, accumulation, dose-response relationship, drug-receptor interaction, agonists-antagonists, enantioselectivity, G-protein-couples receptors, plasma concentration, adverse drug effects, drug allergy, cutaenous reactions, pregnancy, lactation, drug-independent effects, cutaneous reaction, placebo theraphy, systems pharmacology, sympathetic system, cathecholamine actions, sympathomimetics, indirect sympathomimetics, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Parasympathetic Functions, Cholinergic Synapse, Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, biogenic agents, dopamine, histamine, serotonin, amino acids, vasodilators, organic nitrates, calcium antagonists, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, ACE Inhibitors, smooth muscle, cardiac Drugs, Cardiac Glycosides, antiarrhythmic drugs, antianemic agents, anemias, iron compounds, antithrombotic agents, thrombosis therapy, Vitamin K, Heparin, fibrinolytics, platelet aggregation, plasma volume expanders, hyperlipoproteinemias, lipid-lowering agents, diuretics, water reabsorption, vasopressin, water and electrolyte disorders, Gastrointestinal Tract, Hyperacidity, antidiarrheal agents, motor system, muscle relaxants, nociceptors, pain, analgesics, eicosanoids, antipyretic analgesics, local anesthetics, opioids, General Anesthesia and General Anesthetic Drugs.lnhalational Anesthetics, Injectable Anesthetics, Anxiolytics, benzodiazepines, depressive illness, manic state, schizophrenia, endocrine system, hypothalamic hormone, hypophyseal hormone, thyroid hormone therapy, hyperthroidism, antithyroid drugs, glucocorticoid therapy, androgen, anabolic steroid, antiandrogen, follicular growth, ovulation, antibacterial drugs, antifungal drugs, antiviral drugs, antiparasitic drugs, tropical diseases, anticancer drugs, immune modulators

Topics: Uterovaginal Blood Supply, Exsanguinating Patients, Obstetric Hemorrhage, Fibrinogen, Transfusion Therapy, Blood Loss, Doppler Evaluation, Uterine Blood Flow, Third Stage of Labor, Maternal Morbidity, Maternal Deaths, Obstetric Trauma, Hemostatic Disorders, Vascular Malformations, Placental Abnormalities, Placenta Accreta, Mifepristone, Misoprostol, Labor Ward Drills, Non-pneumatic Anti-Shock Garments, Carbetocin, Intraluminal Pressure Readings, Internal Uterine Tamponade, Balloon Internal Uterine Tamponade, Embolization, Balloon Catheter Placement, Conservative Surgical Management, Atonic Bleeding, Non-Atonic Bleeding, Internal Iliac Artery Ligation, Hypogastric Artery Ligation, Pelvic Pressure Pack, Uterovaginal Balloon System, Peripartum Hysterectomy, Fibrin Sealant, Topical Hemostatic Agents, Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity, Litigation, Out-of-Hospital Deliveries, Intraoperative Autologous Blood Transfusion, Blood Transfusion

Topics: Boyle – Davis mouth gag, adenoidectomy, Maguaran plate, St. Clair Thompson adenoid currete, St. Clair Thompson adenoid curette, Beckman adenoid curette, Yankauer suction nozzle, Electrocautery, Surgical microdebrider, TONSILLECTOMY, Denis Brown tonsil, Gwynne Evans double ended tonsil dissector, Wilson tonsil dissecting scissors, Eves tonsil snare, Wilson tonsil artery forceps, Yoakes tonsil, Saymour Jones Adenoid tag forcep, Tilley Lichwitz antral trocar, Thudichum nasal, Intranasal antrostomy, Turbinectomy, Luc nasal turbinate forceps, Killian nasal speculum, Mollisson, jansen, Hajek sphenoidal punch forcep, Watson Williams rasp, NASAL BONE FRACTURE, Walsham nasal redressing forcep, Walsham septal straightening forcep, Tilly – Henckel punch forcep, INTRANASAL POLYPECTOMY, Citelli forcep, Luc nasal turbinate forcep, Yankauer, Nasopharyngospe, Woakes angular turbinectomy scissors, Heath mallet, Jankin gouge, Colier, Moris, Mastoidectomy, Trousseau dilating forcep, ENDOSCOPY, Direct laryngoscopy, Negus laryngoscope, Negus bronchoscope, Negus oesophagoscope, Chevalier- Jackson bougies, Gum elastic bougies, bougie

Topics: Blood, plasma, Erythropoiesis, Lymphopoiesis, Myelopoiesis, Granulopoiesis, Megakaryocytopoiesis, megakaryocytes, serum, Red blood cells, Red blood cell morphology, hemoglobin, Jaundice, Erythroprotein, Hemopoietic growth factor, interlukin, blood group, rhesus factor, chromosome, RH blood group, RH incompatibility, Lewis antigen, Kell system, platelets, Thrombus formation, Thromboxane A2 synthesis, Thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, aspirin, white blood cells, Leukocytes, Granulocyte, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Leucopoiesis, Macrophages, Diapedesis, chemotaxis, Phagocytosis, Anaemia, Erythrocytes, hemolytic, hemostasis, clotting, blood clot, fibrinogen, hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, thrombus, embolus, immunity, Innate immunity, Acquired Immunity, immunoglobulin, immune response, Humoral immunity, Cell mediated immunity

Topics: blood groups, Blood Products, Blood collection, Blood storage, blood transfusion, Blood ordering, HEMORRHAGE, BLOODLESS SURGERY, ERYTHROPOIETIN, AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD TRANSFUSION, Transfusion-related acute lung injury, COMPONENT TRANSFUSION, Packed Red Cells, Platelets Rich Plasma, Plasma

Topics: Chest Imaging, Chest Tubes, Catheters, Endotracheal tube, Nasogastric tube, Central Venous Line, Arterial Catheters, Umbilical arterial catheter, umbilical venous catheter, Thymus gland, Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, Pneumopericardium, Meconium Aspiration, Hyaline Membrane Disease Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Pulmonary Inflammatory Disease, Cystic fibrosis, Foreign Body Inhalation

Topics: fluid dynamics, blood flow, Capillary Hydrostatic pressure, Oncotic pressure, osmotic pressure, Fluid balance disorders, Edema, Effusions, generalized edema, edema formation, Increased hydrostatic pressure, Reduced plasma osmotic pressure, Sodium retention, water retention, Congestive cardiac failure, Subcutaneous edema, ANKLE EDEMA, PITTING EDEMA, heart failure, PREIORBITAL EDEMA, PERI-ORBITAL EDEMA, Abdominal ascites, Pulmonary edema, Alveolar pulmonary edema, Edematous brain, Cerebral edema, tonsillar grooving, ELEPHANTIASIS, HYPEREMIA, CONGESTION, ACTIVE HYPEREMIA, PASSIVE HYPEREMIA, CHRONIC PULMONARY CONGESTION, PULMONARY CONGESTION, CHRONIC PASSIVE SPLENIC CONGESTION, ENLARGED HYPEREMIC SPLEEN, HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS, SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE, PERICARDIAL HEMORRHAGE, RUPTURED SPLEEN, HEMOSTASIS, ENDOTHELIUM, PLATELETS, PLATELET ADHESION, PLATELET SECRETION, PLATELET AGGREGATION, coagulation cascade, ENDOTHELIAL INJURY, HYPERCOAGULABILITY, LEIDEN MUTATION, PROTHROMBIN GENE MUTATION, HOMOCYSTEINE LEVEL, ACQUIRED THROMBOPHILIC STATES, ARTERIAL THROMBI, VENOUS THROMBOSIS, PHLEBOTHROMBOSIS, DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION, embolism, Systemic thromboembolism, AIR EMBOLISM, AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM, Bone marrow emboli, Fat emboli, INFARCTION, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, SEPTIC SHOCK, NEUROGENIC SHOCK, OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK, SEPTIC SHOCK SYNDROME, DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK, HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK, CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

Topics: Peripheral Receptors, Auditory system, Vestibular System, Audiology, Acoustics, hearing, hearing loss, vestibular functions, external ear, Eustachian Tube, middle ear, Cholesteatoma, Chronic Otitis Media, Suppurative Otitis Media, Otitis Media, Otosclerosis, Otospongiosis, Facial Nerve, Ménière’s Disease, mastoid, acoustic neuroma, deaf child, hearing impairment, otalgia, tinnitus, nose, External Nose, Nasal Vestibule, Nasal Septum.Rhinitis, acute Rhinitis, chronic Rhinitis, Allergic Rhinitis, Nasal Cavity, Vasomotor, Nonallergic Rhinitis, Nasal Polypi, Epistaxis, Acute Rhinosinusitis, Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Sinusitis, Paranasal Sinuses, Proptosis, Thyroid Gland, pharynx, larynx, Oral Cavity, Salivary Glands, Adenoids, Pharyngitis, acute Pharyngitis, chronic Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Snoring, Sleep Apnoea, Laryngotracheal Trauma, laryngitis, ACUTE EPIGLOTTITIS, ACUTE LARYNGO-TRACHEO-BRONCHITIS, LARYNGEAL DIPHTHERIA, Laryngeal Paralysis, Cancer Larynx, Tracheostomy, Airway Management, Oesophagus, Dysphagia, Laser Surgery, Radiofrequency Surgery, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Coblation, Cryosurgery, Neck Masses

Topics: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Life Cycle of a Drug, Slow Absorption, Faster Absorption, Bioavailability, Depot Binding, Degradation, Excretion, Drug Effectiveness, Dose-response curve, Therapeutic Index, Effective dose, Lethal dose, Effective concentration, Drug Efficacy, Drug potency, Drug-drug Interactions, Cumulative Effects, Additive Effects, Synergistic Effects, Antagonistic Effects, Agonism, Antagonism, drug-receptor interaction

Topics: Blood Pressure, Systemic Pressure, Pulmonary Pressure, Blood Pressure Regulation, Baroreceptor Reflex

Topics: Karl Landsteiner, AB0 blood grouping system, Blood group A, Blood group B, Blood group AB, Blood group 0, Rh factor blood grouping system, Blood group notation, Blood transfusion

Topics: blood, body fluids, blood composition, blood properties, blood functions, blood volume, plasma proteins, hemostasis, blood coagulation, red blood corpuscles, blood groups, blood transfusion, immune system

Topics: PCV Reading, Drabkin solution, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, platelet count, red cell absolute indicies, sickling test, haemoglobin electrophoresis, Coomb's test, haemostasis, blood grouping, blood bag, copper sulphate solution, leishman stain, EDTA

Topics: ankyrin complex, Antigens, Antibodies, H antigen, RBC Precursor Structure, B Antigen, A Antigen, Landsteiner’s Rule, Red blood cell antibodies, Cold antibodies, Warm antibodies, Rh blood group, Rh antigens, Rh antibodies, Lewis blood group, Lewis antibodies, Kell blood group, Kell antibodies

Topics: transfusion medicine, blood components, blood donation, blood grouping, blood donor testing, cell grouping, serum grouping, control sera, anti-sera, tube blood grouping, antibody screening

Topics: Eustachian Tube, external ear, Acute Suppurative Otitis Media, Acute Mastoiditis, Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, Nonsuppurative Otitis Media, Otitic Barotrauma, Adhesive Otitis Media, Mastoid, Middle Ear Surgery, Otosclerosis, Tumours of the Ear, Facial Paralysis, Ménière’s Disease, Ototoxicity, tinnitus, deafness, hearing aids, cochlear implant, Audiometry, Nose Sinus, Paranasal Sinus, Nasopharynx, Epistaxis, Nasal Septum, Acute Rhinitis, Chronic Rhinitis, Nasal Allergy, Vasomotor Rhinitis.Nasal Polyposis, Sinusitis, Headache, Facial Neuralgia, Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Oropharyngeal Diseases, buccal cavity, Salivary Glands, Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Adenoids, Pharyngeal Abscess, Tracheobronchial Tree, larynx, Laryngeal Diseases, Stridor, Acute Laryngitis, Chronic Laryngitis, Laryngeal Trauma, Laryngocele, odema, Laryngeal Paralysis, Tracheostomy, Disorders of Voice, thyroid, Bronchoscopy, Oesophagus, Oesophagoscopy, laser surgery, Radiotherapy, ENT Instruments

Topics: nose sinuses, paranasal sinuses, nasal disease, Epistaxis, Acute rhinosinusitis, Chronic rhinosinusitis, rhinosinusitis, blocked nose, Allergic rhinitis, facial pain, nasal trauma, facial trauma, Facial plastic surgery, Pituitary surgery, smell, anosmia, chronic nasal infections, larynx, pharynx, pharyngeal disease, aryngeal disease, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, oral cavity, Salivary gland disease, Thyroid disease, Neck space infections, voice disorder, Vocal cord paralysis, Laryngo-tracheal trauma, Tracheostomy, neck masses, Dysphagia, parathyroid, ear, nose, throat, hearing, external ear, otitis media, Acute otitis media, Chronic otitis media, Otosclerosis, Sensorineural hearing loss, Tinnitus, Cerebellopontine angle tumours, Otological trauma, facial nerve, Otitis externa, otology, middle ear, Tonsils, adenoids, Acute rhinosinusitis, paediatrics, Stridor, airway endoscopy, Tracheostomy, Subglottic stenosis, deaf child, mastoiditis, Balance disorders, Choanal atresia, Obstructive sleep apnoea, drooling