General Ecology by BIO312 PDF free download

Topics: Soil, rock weathering, soil formation, soil profile, soil classification, soil taxonomy, entisols, inceptisols, andisols, gelisols, histosols, Soil Architecture, soil color, soil texture, soil textural classes, mineral soils structure, tillage, soil density, soil water, soil water energy, soil water content, soil water potential, infiltration, percolation, water vapor movement, hydrologic cycle, soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, enhancing soil drainage, septic tank drain fields, soil aeration, redox potential, wetlands, soil temperature control, soil colloids, layer silicate clay structure, cation exchange capacity, soil acidity, soil ecology, soil organism, earthworms, ants, termites, soil algae, soil fungi, soil prokaryotes, soil organic, soil organic matter management, climate change, soil phosphorus, sulfur oxidation, sulfur retention, soil fertility maintenance, phosphorus cycle, ammonia volatilization, ammonia fixation, sulfur cycle, calcium, magnesium, silicon, trace elements, Practical Nutrient Management, chemical pollution, Geographic Soils Information

Topics: Soil Conservation, Water Conservation, erosion, Soil Erosion and Civilization, Geologic Erosion, Sedimentation, Landscape Development, rock types, Sedimentary Landforms, Mass Movement Deposits, Glacial Landscapes, Water Erosion, erosion damage, Vegetation, Soil Properties, Soil Erodibility, pollution, Water-Erosion Control, Wind Erosion, wind erosion process, Windbreaks, Shelterbelts, Wind-Erosion Control, Predicting Soil Loss, Tolerable Soil Loss, Universal Soil Loss Equation, Computer-Based Soil Loss Prediction Models, Wind-Erosion Prediction Equation, Wind Erosion Prediction System, Soil Map Unit Interpretations, soil survey, Land Use Planning, managing land, cropping systems, Managing Monocultures, crop rotations, Multiple Cropping, Evaluating Cropping Systems, strip cropping, tillage, Conservation Tillage, deep tillage, Contour Cultivation, Emergency Wind-Erosion Control, Gully-Control Structures, road ditches, culverts, Earthen Dams, Streambank Protection, flood control, Wind Erosion-Control Structures, Pastureland Management, Rangeland Management, Forestland Management, water cycle, drought, Soil Drainage, wetlands, Irrigation, Irrigation Methods, Land Reclamation, Conservation Irrigation, soil pollution, pollutants, industrial wastes, agricultural wastes, aerosols, polluted soil, Hazardous Sites, Soil Remediation, Water Quality, water Pollution, Water acidification, Farm Service Agency

Topics: soil properties, soil management, tropical environment, temperature, solar radiation, rainfall, tropical climates, vegetation, physiography, Anthropocene, biodiversity, climate change, demographics, Green Revolutions, Tropical Agroecosystems, land use, land-use change, Pedology, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Laterite Paradigm, tropical soils, tropical soil research, Soil Taxonomy, soil classification systems, soil physical properties, soil temperature, soil structure, soil compaction, soil water, soil erosion, conservation, conservation agriculture, water, rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, irrigation, mineralogy, clay minerals, mineralogy families, Anion Exchange Capacity, soil acidity capacity, Acid Soil Infertility, Liming, overliming, subsoil acidity, secondary acidity, soil biology, soil biodiversity, comminution, decomposition, nutrient elements transformation, soil structure regulation, organic carbon, carbon pools, carbon fractions, animal manures, composts, biochars, organic farming, soil fertility, nutrient cycling, nutrient uptake, determining fertilizer needs, nitrogen cycle, nitrogen pools, atmospheric deposition, biological nitrogen fixation, mineral fertilizers, organic nitrogen mineralization, soil nitrogen fertilizer reactions, Phosphorus Cycle, Phosphorus, Total Soil Phosphorus, inorganic Phosphorus, Phosphorus sorption, Phosphorus release, plant Phosphorus requirements, Phosphorus fertilization, sulfur cycle, sulfur sorption, Sulphur fertilization, Forest–Soil Nutrient Cycles, land clearing, Mechanized Land Clearing, Crop Yield Declines, Field Abandonment, Secondary Forest Fallows, puddling, flooding, rice cultivation systems, Nutrient Management, Yield Stagnation, Nitrogen Sequestration, Livestock-Based Tropical Systems, tropical pastures, Tropical Livestock Management Systems, pastoralism, Smallholder Mixed Crop–Livestock Systems, Extensive Pasture-Based Beef Production, Pasture Degradation, Crop–Pasture Integration, Tropical Tree-Based Systems, Plantation Forestry, Plantation Forestry Species, Agroforestry, Agroforestry Tree Species, Agroforestry Systems, Simultaneous Agroforestry, Sequential Agroforestry, tree crops

Topics: soil science, soil habitat, soil mineral components, soil organisms, soil organic matter, soil structure, soil micromorphology, soil porosity, soil-forming factors, climate, hydrologic cycle, soil temperature, evaporation, cation exchange, Anion adsorption, Clay–organic matter interactions, soil aeration, soil respiration, soil profile, Hydromorphic soils, Salt-affected soils, nutrient cycling, phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, calcium, magnesium, trace elements, soil management, soil acidity, liming, soil erosion, fertilizers, pesticides, nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, plant protection, problem soils, soil drainage, soil information systems, soil survey methods, soil quality

Topics: Soil Microbiology, soil habitat, soil solution chemistry, bacteria, archaea, Phylogeny, Biodegradation Capacity, soil fungi, Fungal Communities, Soil Fauna, Microfauna, Mesofauna, Macrofauna, Macroarthropods, protozoa, rotifera, nematoda, Microarthropods, Enchytraeids, DNA Reassociation Kinetics, soil biota, Microbial Metabolism, Plant-Soil Biota Interactions, carbo cycling, Rhizosphere, Geological Carbon Cycle, biological Carbon Cycle, Light Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, X-Ray Spectro-Microscopy, X-Ray Computed Microtomography, Reaction Kinetics

Topics: Plant Ecology, Physiological Plant Ecology, Microclimate, photosynthesis, plant pigments, germination, crop stands, Foliage Angle, Light distribution models, leaf canopy, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, light energy

Topics: Soil survey, land evaluation, soil survey reports, soil maps, soil mapping processes, soil mapping units, Soil Morphological investigations, soil horizons, soil boundaries, soil colour, soil texture, soil structure, Soil Consistence, Root abundance, Soil pH, Effervescence, Soil Survey Reports writing, Land Suitability Classification, land evaluation procedures

Topics: Soil Fertility, Fertilizers, global population growth, food consumption, food production, agricultural land use, crop yields, nutrient use, Crop Yield Limiting Factors, buffering capacity, mineral solubility, soil acidity, soil alkalinity, Soil pH Buffering, Reducing Soil Acidity Effects, Calcareous Soils, Saline Soils, Sodic Soils, Saline-Sodic Soils, nitrogen, Biological Fixation, Phosphorus, Phosphorus cycle, soil Phosphorus forms, Phosphorus sources, Potassium cycle, soil Potassium forms, Potassium sources, Sulfur, Calcium, Magnesium, Micronutrients, iron, zinc, coper, Manganese, Boron, chloride, Molybdenum, Nickel, Beneficial Elements, soil fertility evaluation, plant nutrient-deficiency symptoms, plant analysis, greenhouse tests, soil testing, nutrient management, soil characteristics, nutrient placement, Nutrient Interactions, nutrient Economics, Agricultural Productivity, Environmental Quality

Topics: forest habitat, Tropical forest, Temperate forest, Boreal forest, Taiga forest, Grassland Habitat, Dessert Habitat, Adaptation

Topics: Meteorology, Weather, Climate, Environment, energy, seasonal temperatures, daily temperatures, Atmospheric Humidity, Condensation, Dew, Fog, Clouds, Cloud Development, Precipitation, Air Pressure, Winds, Air Masses, Air Fronts, Middle-Latitude Cyclones, Weather Forecasting, Thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, global climate, earth's changing climate, air pollution, Radiant Energy, Radiation, Foggy Weather

Topics: Ecology, ecosystems, Climatic factors, Topographic factors, Edaphic factors, Biotic factors, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, predation

Topics: Soil Chemistry, analytical chemistry, geochemistry, Particle Accelerators, Synchrotrons, Stanford Linear Accelerator, Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator, Fermi National Laboratory Accelerator, Brookhaven Realistic Heavy Ion Collider, quarks, leptons, Atomic Numbers, Avogadro’s Number, atomic orbitals, Acid–Base Titrations, Precipitation, Complex Reactions, Chemical Units, Molarity, Molality, Radioactivity, isotopes, mole fractions, Soil Composition, Electrochemical Potentials, carbon dating, Electrochemical Cells, Nernst Equation, Electron Activity, chemical potential, membrane potential, Soil Gas, Oxygen Revolution, soil aeration, soil aerification, Soil Air Quality, Hydrotropism, Hypoxia, soil water chemistry, Oxygen Demand of Water, Total Soil Water Potential, Matric Potential, Pressure Potential, Osmotic Potential, Gravitational Potential, Plant–Soil–Water Energy Relation, water dissociation, Colloidal Chemistry, Colloidal System, soil humus, Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, lipids, Lignins, humic matter, Electron Microscopy, Clay Minerals, Surface Potential, Electric Double Layer, Helmholtz Double-Layer Theory, Gouy–Chapman Double-Layer Theory, Adsorption Isotherms, soil adsorption, water adsorption, Cation Exchange, Cation Exchange Reactions, Cation Exchange Capacity, Langmuir–Vageler Equation, Mono-Divalent Cation Exchange Reaction, Mono-Monovalent Cation Exchange Reaction, Anion Exchange, Phosphate Retention, Phosphate fixation, Phosphate Potential, Soil Reaction, Acid–Base Chemistry, Weathering, Coordination Theory, Complex Formation, chelation, Metal–Organic Complex Reactions, Clay–Organic Compound Complexes

Topics: Environmental Microbiology, water pollution, water pollution prevention, soil pollution, soil pollution effects, soil pollution prevention, Waste Management Resources, waste disposal methods, landfill, incineration, Plasma gasification, composting, waste minimization, Biological reprocessing, Waste Management methods, sewage, wastewater treatment, Water purification, Water-Borne diseases, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand

Topics: Plant Growth, plant Development, seed germination, Juvenility, Senescence, plant translocation, plant respiration, plant water stress, Plant Growth Stages-Induction, Sigmoid Growth Curve, Photosynthesis, Plant Growth, Growth Regulators, Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Plant Growth Measurements, plant Growth Analysis, crop Growth Rate, Seed Dormancy, Sexual Reproduction-Seed Development, Vegetative Propagation, Flower Bud Initiation, Flower Bud Differentiation, plant death, Relative Growth Rate

Topics: Natural Environment, Animal Production, earth science, environment, geological activity, oceans, rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, climate change, atmosphere, atmospheric layers, global warming, climate, weather, life ecosystems, biomes, biogeochemical cycles, wilderness, Environmental degradation, population growth, agriculture, water management, greenhouse gas emission, Gas effect, emissions, pollution, air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, erosion, coastal erosion, glaciers, floods, freezing, thawing, wind erosion, gravitational erosion, exfoliation, soil structure, soil composition, vegetation cover, topography, agricultural practices, deforestation, urbanization, airborne dust pollution, desertification, Stratospheric Ozone, ozone hole, Antarctica Ozone Theory

Topics: Forestry, Wildlife Management, Renewable Natural Resources, Forest Trees, Silviculture, Seedling Production, Seed Germination, Seed Management, Protective Afforestation, Animal Behaviour, Wildlife Damage Problems, Wildlife Conservation, Wildlife Conservation methods, climate change

Topics: Soil Morphology, soil Classification, soil horizons, soil boundaries, soil colour, soil texture, soil structure, Soil Consistence, Root abundance, soil formation, catena, Nigerian soil classification, Soil Moisture Regime, soil taxonomy

Topics: life, water, cell, membrane structure, membrane function, metabolism, cellular respiration, fermentation, photosynthesis, cell communication, cell cycle, genetics, meiosis, Mendel, inheritance, gene expression, Virus, DNA tools, Biotechnology, genomes, evolution, phylogeny, bacteria, Archea, prostist, plant diversity, animal diversity, invertebrate, vascular plant structure, soil nutrition, plant nutrition, angiosperm reproduction, plant form, plant function, animal form, animal function, animal nutrition, gas exchange, immune system, osmoregulation, excretion, hormone, endocrine system, animal production, animal development, neuron, synapse, signaling, nervous system, sensory, motor mechanism, animal behavior, ecology, global change

Topics: ecosystem, populations, population growth, predation, symbiosis, community stability, nutrition circulation, allelochemics, soil development, soil classification, vegetation, watersheds, biogeochemistry, pollution, radioisotope contamination, pesticides, heavy metals, air pollution, lake production, eutrophication, retrogression, community evolution, human ecology, marine productivity, detritus, biosphere

Topics: Green Chemistry, environmental pollution, air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, causes of Environmental pollution, Urbanization, industrialization, mining, exploration, burning fossil fuels, radiochemistry, Radioactive isotopes, Stable isotopes, Nuclear fission, Nuclear Fusion, Fusion reactions, nuclear stability, octet rule