Renal Osmolality by SYED SHAHID HABIB PDF free download

Topics: Osmolality, body fluid compartment, Body Water Content, Fluid Compartments, Electrolyte Concentration, Extracellular Fluids, Intracellular Fluids, Water Balance, ECF Osmolality, Body fluid Osmolality, Regulation of Water Output, Influence of ADH, Disorders of Water Balance, Edema, Electrolyte Balance, Central Role of Sodium, Regulation of Sodium Balance, Aldosterone, Regulation of Potassium Balance, Influence of Plasma Potassium Concentration

Topics: Medical Physiology, Cell Signaling, Membrane Transport, Membrane Potential, Physiologic Regulation, plasma membrane structure, Solute Transport Mechanisms, Resting Membrane Potential, cellular signaling, neuromuscular physiology, nervous function, nervous system, action potential synaptic transmission, neurotransmission, Sensory Physiology, sensory system, somatosensory system, visual system, auditory system, vestibular system, Gustatory Systems, Olfactory Systems, motor system, autonomic nervous system, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System, Autonomic Integration, Hypothalamus, Brain Electrical Activity, Higher Cognitive Skills, Skeletal Smooth Muscle, Smooth Muscle, Motor Neurons, Excitation, Skeletal Muscle Metabolism, Skeletal Muscle Contraction, Muscle Plasticity, Epigenetics, Endocrine Muscle, Smooth Muscle, blood immunology, blood composition, blood function, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelet Formation, Blood Cell Formation, Blood Clotting, Immunology, Organ Interaction, Homeostasis, Immune System Activation, Immune Detection System, Immune System Defenses, Acute Inflammation, Chronic Inflammation, Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Organ Transplantation, Immunology, Immunologic Disorders, Neuroendoimmunology, cardiovascular physiology, Hemodynamics, Cardiac Muscle Mechanics, Cardiac Pump, Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Excitation–Contraction Coupling, Cardiac Performance, Cardiac Output, Systemic Circulation, Arterial Pressure Measurement, Central Blood Volume, Microcirculation, Lymphatic System, Coronary Circulation, Cerebral Circulation, Hepatic Circulation, Skeletal Muscle Circulation, Cutaneous Circulation, Fetal Circulation, Placental Circulation, Circulatory Shock, respiratory physiology, ventilation, Spirometry, Lung Volumes, Minute Ventilation, Airway Resistance, Gas Transfer, Diffusing Capacity, Pulmonary Circulation, Ventilation, body fluids, Kidney Function, nephron, Renal Blood Flow, Glomerular Filtration, Glomerular Hemodynamic Forces, Tubular Reabsorption, Tubule Secretion, Urinary Concentration Mechanisms, Electrolyte Balance, fluid balance, Acid–Base Homeostasis, gastrointestinal physiology, Salivary Secretion, Gastric Secretion, Pancreatic Secretion, Biliary Secretion, Intestinal Secretion, Carbohydrate Digestion, Carbohydrate Absorption, Water Absorption, Electrolyte Absorption, Mineral Absorption, Vitamin Absorption, Liver Functions, Immune Surveillance, Gastrointestinal Regulation, temperature regulation, exercise physiology, Heat Dissipation, Thermoregulatory Control, Heat Acclimatization, endocrine physiology, Endocrine Control Mechanisms, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Thyroid Hormone Synthesis, Adrenal Gland, Adrenal Medulla Catecholamines, Endocrine Pancreas, Islets of Langerhans, Islet Hormone Synthesis, Insulin, Glucagon Action, Diabetes Mellitus, Plasma Calcium, Phosphate Regulation, Bone Dysfunction, reproductive physiology, Male Reproductive System, Testicular Function

Topics: Blood volume, Measurement of Blood Volume, Regulation of Blood Volume, Osmoreceptors, Volume receptors, Atrial Natriuretic peptide

Topics: Body Fluid Compartments, Osmolality, body fluid volumes, Osmosis, Tonicity of fluids, Sodium regulation

Topics: Water balance, body fluid compartments, osmolality, Sodium Balance, Aldosterone, Natriuretic hormone, state of hydration, total fluid balance

Topics: Blood, Physiology, red blood cell morphology, red blood cell, Erythropoiesis, Poikilocytosis, Anisocytosis, Roleaux, Pluripotential haemopoietic stem cells, Colony Forming Unit erythrocyte, Erythropoietin, folic acid, iron, Pluripotential haemopoietic stem cells, Blood transfusion, anaemia, platelets, thrombocytes, white blood cell, Neutrophils, Cortisol hormone, eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, Monocyte, reticulocyte, myelopoiesis, Chemotaxis, Opsonization, Diapedesis, Phagocytosis, Leukaemia, Leukopenia, blood group, Rhesus factor, Agglutinin, blood fluid compartments, Agglutinin, intracellular fluid, Hyponatraemia, Hypernatraemia, Hypokalaemia, biological rhythm, Transmembrane protein, membrane transport, passive transport, active transport, haemoglobin level, haemoglobin disease, anemia, biological potentials, resting membrane potential, action potential, cell, osmolality, nerve impulse conduction, synaptic transmission, neuromuscular transmission, neurotransmitters

Topics: Homestatis, stress, feed back system, loop, Homeostatic Regulation, blood glucose level, Negative feedback system, positive feedback mechanisms

Topics: GIT hormones, Peptide hormone, Cholecystokinin, gastrin, Secretin, secretin secretion, Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, glucagon, Somatostatin, motilin, Ghrelin, leptin, Gastric inhibitory peptide, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Glicentin, Neurotensin, Gastrin releasing peptide, Bombesin, Guanylin, Enkephalin, Pancreatic polypeptide, Peptide YY

Topics: OSMOLALITY, OSMOLALITY MEASUREMENT

Topics: CARDIOVASCULAR HOMEOSTASIS, CARDIOVASCULAR HOMEOSTASIS MECHANISMS, Baroreceptors, Chemoreceptors, CNS Ischaemic Response, Hormonal Vasoconstriction, Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), Catecholamines, Stress Relaxation, Inverse Stress Relaxation, Capillary Fluid Shift, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP), Thirst Mechanism, Myogenic Theory, Metabolic Theory

Topics: Anion Gap, Osmolality, Water regulation, Fluid Imbalance, Blood volume regulation, Electrolyte regulation, Water regulation, hyponatraemia, Hypokalaemia, Hyperkalaemia, sodium loss

Topics: osmotic concentration, osmolar concentration, extracellular fluid

Topics: Cardiac action potential, ECG Interpretation, Heart rate, Heart rate determination, QRS axis, Einthoven, 12 lead ECG, Hypertrophy patterns, Myocardial ischemia, infarction, Cardiac arrhythmias, Atrial arrhythmias, Atrial tachycardia, Atrial flutter, Atrial fibrillation, Ventricular arrhythmias, PVC, Ventricular tachycardia, Tordes de pointes

Topics: Non-pacemaker action potential, pacemaker action potential, Effective refractory period, Arrhythmia, Arrhythmogenesis, Abnormal anatomic conduction, Supraventricular Arrhythmias, ventricular Arrhythmias, Sinus Tachycardia, Atrial Tachycardia, Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia, Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, Ventricular Premature Beats, Ventricular Tachycardia, Ventricular Flutter, Ventricular Fibrillation, Antyarrhythmic drugs, β-adrenergic blockers, Sotalol, Sotacor, Ibutilide, Amiodarone, Cordarone, Adenosine

Topics: Concentration of Solution, Osmolality, Urine Osmolality, Specific Gravity

Topics: systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure, Atherosclerosis, Polycythemia, Hypoprotenimia, Histamine, Atrial natriuretic peptide, Prostacyclin, Norepinephrine, Angiotensin II, Endothelin-1, Thromboxane A, Korotkof sound

Topics: Complete blood count, Hemoglobin, Total Red Blood Cell Count, Hematocrit, spun hematocrit, Centrifuged blood, Mean Corpuscular Volume, Red Cell Distribution Histogram, Red Blood Cell Distribution Width, Red Blood Cell Distribution, White Blood Cell Count, White Blood Cell differential, Platelet Count, Basic Metabolic Panel, sodium, Potassium, calcium, Chloride, Creatinine, Complete Metabolic Panel, Metabolic Panel, Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspartate Aminotransferase

Topics: Karl Landsteiner, AB0 blood grouping system, Blood group A, Blood group B, Blood group AB, Blood group 0, Rh factor blood grouping system, Blood group notation, Blood transfusion

Topics: Gastrointestinal Physiology, Gastrointestinal system, mucosa, serosa, Deglutition, Gastrin secretion, Peristaltic Rush, Ileocecal Valve, small intestine, Defecation Reflexes, defecation, Gastrointestinal secretions, salivary secretion, Salivary Glands, saliva, esophageal secretion gastric secretion, Gastric Juice Secretions, pancreatic secretions, Pancreatic Juice, Pancreatic Digestive Enzymes, biliary secretions, large intestine, digestion, absorption, Glucose Absorption, Galactose Absorption, Fructose Absorption, carbohydrate digestion, protein digestion, lipid digestion

Topics: fluid dynamics, blood flow, Capillary Hydrostatic pressure, Oncotic pressure, osmotic pressure, Fluid balance disorders, Edema, Effusions, generalized edema, edema formation, Increased hydrostatic pressure, Reduced plasma osmotic pressure, Sodium retention, water retention, Congestive cardiac failure, Subcutaneous edema, ANKLE EDEMA, PITTING EDEMA, heart failure, PREIORBITAL EDEMA, PERI-ORBITAL EDEMA, Abdominal ascites, Pulmonary edema, Alveolar pulmonary edema, Edematous brain, Cerebral edema, tonsillar grooving, ELEPHANTIASIS, HYPEREMIA, CONGESTION, ACTIVE HYPEREMIA, PASSIVE HYPEREMIA, CHRONIC PULMONARY CONGESTION, PULMONARY CONGESTION, CHRONIC PASSIVE SPLENIC CONGESTION, ENLARGED HYPEREMIC SPLEEN, HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS, SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE, PERICARDIAL HEMORRHAGE, RUPTURED SPLEEN, HEMOSTASIS, ENDOTHELIUM, PLATELETS, PLATELET ADHESION, PLATELET SECRETION, PLATELET AGGREGATION, coagulation cascade, ENDOTHELIAL INJURY, HYPERCOAGULABILITY, LEIDEN MUTATION, PROTHROMBIN GENE MUTATION, HOMOCYSTEINE LEVEL, ACQUIRED THROMBOPHILIC STATES, ARTERIAL THROMBI, VENOUS THROMBOSIS, PHLEBOTHROMBOSIS, DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION, embolism, Systemic thromboembolism, AIR EMBOLISM, AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM, Bone marrow emboli, Fat emboli, INFARCTION, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, SEPTIC SHOCK, NEUROGENIC SHOCK, OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK, SEPTIC SHOCK SYNDROME, DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK, HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK, CARDIOGENIC SHOCK