Topics: Islamic Political Institutions, Jāhiliyyah Period, Early Life of Prophet Muhammad, Marriage to Khadījah, Advent of Islam, Migration to Madinah, Foundation of the Islamic State, Conquest of Makkah, Institution of the Caliphate, Khulafā’al-Rāshidūn, Rightly Guided Caliphs, Umayyads, the Abbasids, Aglabids, Fatimids, Ottoman Turks, Sokoto Caliphate, Vizier, Qādī, Muhtasib, Wāli Mazālim, Şāhibu ‘s-Shurţah, Sokoto Jihad Leaders, Sokoto Jihad Scholars, Nigerian Muslim Scholars