Topics: DNA split, human karyogram, mutation, Genetic disorder, CYTOGENETIC DISORDER, AUTOSOMAL CYTOGENETIC DISORDER, down syndrome, EDWARD SYNDROME, PATAU SYNDROME, Lyonization, X-chromosome, Y-chromosome, Klinefelter's Syndrome, Testicular Dysgenesis, Male hypogonadism, Klinefelter Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, MENDELIAN DISORDER, Autosomal Dominant Disorder, Marfan Syndrome, Achondroplasia, Osteogenesis imperfecta, brittle bone disease, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Autosomal recessive disorder, X-LINKED DISORDER, Multifactorial disorder, Hereditary Cancer Syndrome, DEFECTIVE DNA REPAIR, Single-Gene Disorder, TRIPLET-REPEAT MUTATION, FRAGILE-X SYNDROME, LEBER HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY, GENOMIC IMPRINTING