Topics: Lichen Morphology, Asexual Reproduction, Symbiotic Propagules, Soredia, Sorediate Lichens, Isidia, Isidiate Lichen, Lobule, Pycnidia, Conidia, Punctelia, Sexual Structures, Ascomata, Mazaedium, Apothecia, Apothecial Section, Lecanorine Apothecia, Biatorine apothecia, Zeorine apothecia, Perithecia, Hysterothecia, Pseudothecia, Ascus Structure, Ascospore Diversity, Basidiomycete Lichens

Topics: algae, Palmaria palmata, Chlamydomonas sp, Coccoid cyanophytes, blue-green algae, Parmelia sulcate, foliose lichen, Lecanora sp, Usnea sp, fruticose lichen

Topics: agarose gel electrophoresis, probe hybridization, DNA separation, Blot on membrane, specific DNA probe, Detect probe