Topics: Ionic regulation, Hyperosmotic living, terrestrial living

Topics: osmoregulation, excretion

Topics: marine fis, freshwater fish, kidney

Topics: cellular metabolism, cell, genetic, development, taxonomy, phylogeny, unicellular eukaryotes, sponge, placozoan, cridarian, ctenophore, acoelomorpha, platyzoa, mesozoa, polyzoa, kryptrochozoa, mollusc, annelid, allied taxa, ecdysozoans, trilobites, chelicerates, myriapod, crustacean, hexapod, chaetognath, echinoderm, hemichordate, chordate, fish, tetrapod, amphibian, aminote, nonavian reptile, bird, mammal, support, protection, movement, homeostasis, digestion, nutrition, nervous coordination, nervous system, nervous coordination, sense organ, chemical coordination, immunity, animal behavior, animal distribution, animal ecology