Topics: Atomic Structure, Atomic Bonding, Crystal structure, Amorphous Structure, Solidification, Crystalline Imperfections, Engineering Alloys, Phase Diagrams, Polymeric Materials, ceramics, Composite Materials, corrosion, light, superconductive materials, magnetic properties, biological materials, biomaterials, smart materials, bond, cubic unit cell, diffusion, alloy, metal, stress, strain, Poisson ratio, plastic deformation, gibbs phase rule, cooling curves, copper, iron, steel, cast iron, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, nickel, thermoplastic, thermost, elastomer, rubber, glass, concrete, asphalt, wood, sandwich structures, corrosion rates, metal-matrix, ceramic-matrix, galvanic cells, microelectronics, nanoelectronics, semiconductors, light, electromagnetic spectrum, laser, luminescence, optical fibers, superconducting materials, ferromagnetic, magnetic field, ferromagnetism, tendon, ligament, articular cartilage